多重组织相容性复合体 (MHC)

人类白细胞抗原如何影响伴侣选择？

主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 指的是关于包含数百个基因的 6 号染色体的部分（图 1），包括人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 基因。 MHC 编码有核细胞表面的蛋白质，包括白细胞（因此得名人类白细胞抗原）。 MHC 蛋白捕获外来物质并将其呈递给你的 T 细胞。 MHC 还负责人与人之间的组织和器官的相容性，因此得名 主要组织相容性。

图 1. HLA 基因的共显性表达

MHC 蛋白一般分为三类。 MHC I 类蛋白质在身体的大多数细胞上都有并帮助我们抵抗病毒感染。 MHC I 类蛋白质包括那些由 HLA-A、HLA-B 和 HLA-C编码的蛋白质。 MHC II 类蛋白质在免疫细胞上表现，例如B 细胞、活化的辅助 T 细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞；这些细胞通过产生抗体帮助我们抵抗细菌感染。 MHC II 类编码 HLA-DR、HLA-DQ 和 HLA-DP。还有支持我们免疫细胞的 MHC III 类蛋白质。

每类蛋白质的结构不同，MHC II 类具有2条链（A链和B链），而MHC I类只有一条大链，与巨球蛋白结合。因此，在命名 MHC II 类蛋白质时，有时会添加其他组件来指定链。

HLA命名和分型

HLA 2010命名约定是目前广泛用于命名MHC蛋白和编码它们的HLA基因的约定。该约定标识HLA基因、等位基因组/同工体、特定蛋白以及任何替换/突变。每个字段都使用一个数字值来指定，该值是根据它们被发现的顺序分配的。您可以在此处了解有关HLA 2010命名约定的更多信息。所有已发现的HLA类型的数据库可以在此处找到。 It has been found that couples with very different HLA types and differences in their MHC genes tend to have more fulfilling relationships, what we at DNA Romance like to call “romantic chemistry”, also known as genetic compatibility.

What is genetic compatibility?

Genetic compatibility refers to the match between the genes of two individuals, particularly with respect to their potential to have children together. Certain genetic combinations are more compatible and can result in healthier offspring.

One method is to test for genetic compatibility is the presence or absence of certain genetic markers, such as HLA (human leukocyte antigen) markers, which are involved in the immune system. Individuals with more dissimilar HLA profiles may be more genetically compatible, as this could result in a child with a more diverse immune system.

Another way to evaluate genetic compatibility is through genetic testing for inherited disorders. Couples who are considering having children may choose to undergo genetic testing to determine their risk of passing on certain inherited disorders to their offspring. This can help them make informed decisions about their fertility options and the potential risks and benefits of having children together.

It is important to note that genetic compatibility is not the only factor that determines the health and well-being of a child. Other factors, such as the overall health and lifestyle of the parents, can also have a significant impact on the health of a child.

Let DNA Romance can help you find your genetic matches today!